Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition that affects the lungs and makes breathing difficult. It develops when the airways or other parts of the lungs become damaged over time. This damage causes inflammation and narrowing of the air passages, which blocks airflow and reduces the amount of air moving in and out of the lungs.
Symptoms and How COPD Develops
COPD often causes a long-lasting cough that produces large amounts of mucus People may also feel short of breath, tightness in the chest and get tired more easily. Symptoms usually begin slowly and may not seem serious at first. However, COPD is a progressive condition, meaning it gets worse over time.
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Main Types of COPD
The term COPD includes two lung conditions. Emphysema occurs when the walls between tiny air sacs in the lungs are damaged. This makes it harder for the lungs to push air out when breathing. Chronic bronchitis is caused by long-term irritation of the airways, leading to swelling and thick mucus that blocks airflow. Most people with COPD have a mix of both conditions.
How Common is COPD
COPD is a serious health problem that affects many people. In the UK, over a million people have been diagnosed and many others may have the condition without knowing it. COPD is a major cause of illness and reduced quality of life, especially as people get older.
